UFGI publication round-up week 5/22/17

Author information: Tocco VJ¹, Li Y¹, Christopher KG¹, Matthews JH², Aggarwal V¹, Paschall L¹, Luesch H², Licht JD³, Dickinson RB¹, Lele TP^1,⁴.

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL 32611.

²Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development (CNPD3), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610-7200, USA.

³Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32610.

⁴Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610.

Journal: Journal of Cellular Physiology

Date of e-pub: May 2017

Abstract: Actomyosin stress fibers impinge on the nucleus and can exert compressive forces on it. These compressive forces have been proposed to elongate nuclei in fibroblasts, and lead to abnormally shaped nuclei in cancer cells. In these models, the elongated or flattened nuclear shape is proposed to store elastic energy. However, we found that deformed shapes of nuclei are unchanged even after removal of the cell with micro-dissection, both for smooth, elongated nuclei in fibroblasts and abnormally shaped nuclei in breast cancer cells. The lack of shape relaxation implies that the nuclear shape in spread cells does not store any elastic energy, and the cellular stresses that deform the nucleus are dissipative, not static. During cell spreading, the deviation of the nucleus from a convex shape increased in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, but decreased in MCF-10A cells. Tracking changes of nuclear and cellular shape on micropatterned substrata revealed that fibroblast nuclei deform only during deformations in cell shape and only in the direction of nearby moving cell boundaries. We propose that motion of cell boundaries exert a stress on the nucleus, which allows the nucleus to mimic cell shape. The lack of elastic energy in the nuclear shape suggests that nuclear shape changes in cells occur at constant surface area and volume. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Metal transporter ZIP14 (SLC39A14) deletion in mice increases manganese deposition and produces neurotoxic signatures and diminished motor activity.

Author information: Aydemir TB¹, Kim MH¹, Kim J¹, Colon-Perez LM^2,³, Banan G³, Mareci TH^3,⁴, Febo M^2,³, Cousins RJ^5,⁴.

¹Food Sciencend Human Nutrition Departmententer for Nutritional Sciencesollege ofgriculturalnd Life Sciences.

²Department of Psychiatry.

³McKnight Brain Institute.

⁴Department of Biochemistrynd Molecular Biologyollege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.

⁵Food Sciencend Human Nutrition Departmententer for Nutritional Sciencesollege ofgriculturalnd Life Sciences cousins@ufl.edu.

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

Date of e-pub: May 2017

Abstract: Mutations in human ZIP14 have been linked to symptoms of early onset of Parkinsonism and Dystonia. This phenotype is likely related to excess manganese accumulation in the central nervous system. The metal transporter ZIP14 (SLC39A14) is viewed primarily as a zinc transporter that is inducible via proinflammatory stimuli. In vitro evidence shows that ZIP14 can also transport manganese. To examine role for ZIP14 in manganese homeostasis, we used Zip14 knockout (KO) male and female mice to conduct comparative metabolic, imaging and functional studies. Manganese accumulation was 4-5 fold higher in brain of Zip14 KO mice compared to young adult wild type (WT) mice. Accumulation of subcutaneously administered 54Mn was less in liver, gallbladder and gastrointestinal tract of the KO mice suggesting manganese elimination is impaired with Zip14 ablation. Impaired elimination creates the opportunity for atypical manganese accumulation in tissues including the brain. Intensity of MRI images from brains of the Zip14 KO mice are indicative of major manganese accumulation. Ingreement with excessive manganese accumulation was impaired motor function observed in the Zip14 KO mice. These results also demonstrate that ZIP14 is not essential for manganese uptake by the brain. Nevertheless, the upregulation of signatures of brain injury observed in the Zip14 KO mice demonstrates normal ZIP14 function is an essential factor required to prevent manganese-linked neurodegeneration.

Manganese is an essential micronutrient. When acquired in excess manganese accumulates in tissues of the central nervous system and is associated with neurodegenerative disease, particularly Parkinson-like syndrome and Dystonia. Some members of the ZIP metal transporter family transport manganese. Using mutant mice deficient in the ZIP14 metal transporter, we have discovered that ZIP14 is essential for manganese elimination via the gastrointestinal tract and a lack of ZIP14 results in manganese accumulation in critical tissues such as the brain as measured by MRI and produces signatures of brain injury and impaired motor function. Humans with altered ZIP14 function would lack this gatekeeper function of ZIP14 and therefore would be prone to manganese-related neurological diseases.

*Corrections have been made according to the original information from the authors.

A Flow Cytometry-Based Screen Identifies MBNL1 Modulators that Rescue Splicing Defects in Myotonic Dystrophy Type I.

Author information: Zhang F¹, Bodycombe NE², Haskell KM³, Sun YL¹, Wang ET⁴, Morris CA^1,⁵, Jones LH^2,⁶, Wood LD¹, Pletcher MT^1,⁷.

¹Rare Disease Research Unit, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

²Medicine Design, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

³Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism – New Chemical Entities, Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.

⁴Center for Neurogenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

⁵Current address: Solid Biosciences, One Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

⁶Current address: Jnana Therapeutics, Boston, MA 02210, USA.

⁷Current address: Autism Speaks, 85 Devonshire St, Boston, MA 02109. USA.

Journal: Human Molecular Genetics

Date of e-pub: May 2017

Abstract: Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) is a rare genetic disease caused by expansion of CTG trinucleotide repeats ((CTG)exp) in the 3′ untranslated region of the DMPK gene. The repeat transcripts sequester the RNA binding protein Muscleblind-like protein 1 (MBNL1) and hamper its normal function in pre-mRNA splicing. Overexpressing exogenous MBNL1 in the DM1 mouse model has been shown to rescue the splicing defects and reverse myotonia. Although a viable therapeutic strategy, pharmacological modulators of MBNL1 expression have not been identified. Here, we engineered a ZsGreen tag into the endogenous MBNL1 locus in HeLa cells and established a flow cytometry-based screening system to identify compounds that increase MBNL1 level. The initial screen of small molecule compound libraries identified more than thirty hits that increased MBNL1 expression greater than double the baseline levels. Further characterization of two hits revealed that the small molecule HDAC inhibitors, ISOX and vorinostat, increased MBNL1 expression in DM1 patient-derived fibroblasts and partially rescued the splicing defect caused by (CUG)exp repeats in these cells. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of this flow-based cytometry screen to identify both small molecule compounds and druggable targets for MBNL1 upregulation.

A viral microRNA downregulates metastasis suppressor CD82 and induces cell invasion and angiogenesis by activating the c-Met signaling.

Author information: Li W^1,^2,³, Hu M⁴, Wang C⁵, Lu H⁶, Chen F³, Xu J³, Shang Y³, Wang F³, Qin J³, Yan Q³, Krueger BJ⁷, Renne R⁷, Gao SJ⁸, Lu C^1,^2,³.

¹State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

²Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

³Department of Microbiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

⁴Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.

⁵Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

⁶Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

⁷Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

⁸Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Journal: Oncogene

Date of e-pub: May 2017

Abstract: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) as the most common AIDS-associated malignancy is etiologically caused by KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS is a highly disseminated and vascularized tumor. KSHV encodes 12 pre-microRNAs that yield 25 mature microRNAs (miRNAs), but their roles in KSHV-induced tumor metastasis and angiogenesis remain largely unclear. KSHV-encoded miR-K12-6 (miR-K6) can generate two mature miRNAs, miR-K6-5p and miR-K6-3p. Recently, we have shown that miR-K6-3p induced cell migration and angiogenesis via directly targeting SH3 domain binding glutamate-rich protein (SH3BGR). Here, by using mass spectrometry, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay, we showed that miR-K6-5p directly targeted the coding sequence of CD82 molecule (CD82), a metastasis suppressor. Ectopic expression of miR-K6-5p specifically inhibited the expression of endogenous CD82 and strongly promoted endothelial cells invasion and angiogenesis. Overexpression of CD82 significantly inhibited cell invasion and angiogenesis induced by miR-K6-5p. Mechanistically, CD82 directly interacted with c-Met to inhibit its activation. MiR-K6-5p directly repressed CD82, relieving its inhibition on c-Met activation and inducing cell invasion and angiogenesis. Lack of miR-K6 abrogated KSHV suppression of CD82 resulting in compromised KSHV activation of c-Met pathway, and KSHV induction of cell invasion and angiogenesis. In conclusion, our data show that by reducing CD82, KSHV miR-K6-5p expedites cell invasion and angiogenesis by activating the c-Met pathway. Our findings illustrate that KSHV miRNAs may be critical for the dissemination and angiogenesis of KSHV-induced malignant tumors.Oncogene advance online publication, 22 May 2017; doi:10.1038/onc.2017.139.

Challenges and strategies for implementing genomic services in diverse settings: experiences from the Implementing GeNomics In pracTicE (IGNITE) network.

Author information: Sperber NR^1,^2,³, Carpenter JS⁴, Cavallari LH⁵, J Damschroder L⁶, Cooper-DeHoff RM⁷, Denny JC⁸, Ginsburg GS⁹, Guan Y¹⁰, Horowitz CR¹¹, Levy KD⁴, Levy MA⁸, Madden EB¹², Matheny ME¹³, Pollin TI¹⁰, Pratt VM⁴, Rosenman M⁴, Voils CI^14,¹⁵, W Weitzel K⁷, Wilke RA¹⁶, Ryanne Wu R^9,¹⁷, Orlando LA⁹.

¹Division of General Internal Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. nina.sperber@duke.edu.

²Duke Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. nina.sperber@duke.edu.

³VA Health Services Research & Development, Durham VA Health Care System, 411 West Chapel Hill Street, Suite 600, Durham, NC, 27701, USA. nina.sperber@duke.edu.

⁴Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

⁵ Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

⁶Implementation Pathways, LLC and VA Ann Arbor Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, USA.

⁷University of Florida, College of Pharmacy and Medicine and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Gainesville, USA.

⁸Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.

⁹Duke Center for Applied Genomics & Precision Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

¹⁰University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.

¹¹Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.

¹²National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), Rockville, USA.

¹³Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee Valley HealthCare System VA, Nashville, USA.

¹⁴William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.

¹⁵Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

¹⁶Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, USA.

¹⁷Duke University, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.

Journal: BMC Medical Genomics

Date of e-pub: May 2017

Abstract: To realize potential public health benefits from genetic and genomic innovations, understanding how best to implement the innovations into clinical care is important. The objective of this study was to synthesize data on challenges identified by six diverse projects that are part of a National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI)-funded network focused on implementing genomics into practice and strategies to overcome these challenges.

We used a multiple-case study approach with each project considered as a case and qualitative methods to elicit and describe themes related to implementation challenges and strategies. We describe challenges and strategies in an implementation framework and typology to enable consistent definitions and cross-case comparisons. Strategies were linked to challenges based on expert review and shared themes.

Three challenges were identified by all six projects, and strategies to address these challenges varied across the projects. One common challenge was to increase the relative priority of integrating genomics within the health system electronic health record (EHR). Four projects used data warehousing techniques to accomplish the integration. The second common challenge was to strengthen clinicians’ knowledge and beliefs about genomic medicine. To overcome this challenge, all projects developed educational materials and conducted meetings and outreach focused on genomic education for clinicians. The third challenge was engaging patients in the genomic medicine projects. Strategies to overcome this challenge included use of mass media to spread the word, actively involving patients in implementation (e.g., a patient advisory board), and preparing patients to be active participants in their healthcare decisions.

This is the first collaborative evaluation focusing on the description of genomic medicine innovations implemented in multiple real-world clinical settings. Findings suggest that strategies to facilitate integration of genomic data within existing EHRs and educate stakeholders about the value of genomic services are considered important for effective implementation. Future work could build on these findings to evaluate which strategies are optimal under what conditions. This information will be useful for guiding translation of discoveries to clinical care, which, in turn, can provide data to inform continual improvement of genomic innovations and their applications.

Fifteen new risk loci for coronary artery disease highlight arterial-wall-specific mechanisms.

Author information: Howson JMM¹, Zhao W², Barnes DR¹, Ho WK^1,³, Young R^1,⁴, Paul DS¹, Waite LL⁵, Freitag DF¹, Fauman EB⁶, Salfati EL^7,⁸, Sun BB¹, Eicher JD^9,¹⁰, Johnson AD^9,¹⁰, Sheu WHH^11,^12,¹³, Nielsen SF¹⁴, Lin WY^1,¹⁵, Surendran P¹, Malarstig A¹⁶, Wilk JB¹⁷, Tybjærg-Hansen A^18,¹⁹, Rasmussen KL¹⁴, Kamstrup PR¹⁴, Deloukas P^20,²¹, Erdmann J^22,^23,²⁴, Kathiresan S^25,²⁶, Samani NJ^27,²⁸, Schunkert H^29,³⁰, Watkins H^31,³²; CARDIoGRAMplusC4D, Do R³³, Rader DJ³⁴, Johnson JA³⁵, Hazen SL³⁶, Quyyumi AA³⁷, Spertus JA^38,³⁹, Pepine CJ⁴⁰, Franceschini N⁴¹, Justice A⁴¹, Reiner AP⁴², Buyske S⁴³, Hindorff LA⁴⁴, Carty CL⁴⁵, North KE^41,⁴⁶, Kooperberg C⁴⁵, Boerwinkle E^47,⁴⁸, Young K⁴¹, Graff M⁴¹, Peters U⁴⁵, Absher D⁵, Hsiung CA⁴⁹, Lee WJ⁵⁰, Taylor KD⁵¹, Chen YH⁴⁹, Lee IT⁵², Guo X⁵¹, Chung RH⁴⁹, Hung YJ^13,⁵³, Rotter JI⁵⁴, Juang JJ^55,⁵⁶, Quertermous T^7,⁸, Wang TD^55,⁵⁶, Rasheed A⁵⁷, Frossard P⁵⁷, Alam DS⁵⁸, Majumder AAS⁵⁹, Di Angelantonio E^1,⁶⁰, Chowdhury R¹; EPIC-CVD, Chen YI⁵¹, Nordestgaard BG^14,¹⁹, Assimes TL^7,⁸, Danesh J^1,^60,^61,⁶², Butterworth AS^1,⁶⁰, Saleheen D^1,^2,⁵⁷.

¹MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

²Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

³Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia.

⁴Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

⁵HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.

⁶Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

⁷Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

⁸Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

⁹National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Population Sciences Branch, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

¹⁰NHLBI and Boston University’s The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

¹¹Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

¹²School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.

¹³College of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.

¹⁴Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

¹⁵Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.

¹⁶Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Stockholm, Sweden.

¹⁷Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Human Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.

¹⁸Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

¹⁹Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

²⁰ William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

²¹Centre for Genomic Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

²²Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

²³DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany.

²⁴University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.

²⁵Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

²⁶Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

²⁷Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

²⁸NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.

²⁹Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

³⁰DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.

³¹Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

³²Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

³³Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.

³⁴Departments of Genetics, Medicine, and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

³⁵University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

³⁶Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

³⁷Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

³⁸Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.

³⁹Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.

⁴⁰College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

⁴¹Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

⁴²Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁴³Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.

⁴⁴Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,Maryland, USA.

⁴⁵Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.

⁴⁶Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

⁴⁷Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁴⁸Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

⁴⁹Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.

⁵⁰Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.

⁵¹Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁵²School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

⁵³Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.

⁵⁴Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA.

⁵⁵Cardiovascular Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

⁵⁶National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.

⁵⁷Centre for Non-Communicable Disease, Karachi, Pakistan.

⁵⁸School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

⁵⁹National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Bangladesh.

⁶⁰National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

⁶¹Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.

⁶²British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Journal: Nature Genetics

Date of e-pub: May 2017

Abstract: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although 58 genomic regions have been associated with CAD thus far, most of the heritability is unexplained, indicating that additional susceptibility loci await identification. An efficient discovery strategy may be larger-scale evaluation of promising associations suggested by genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Hence, we genotyped 56,309 participants using a targeted gene array derived from earlier GWAS results and performed meta-analysis of results with 194,427 participants previously genotyped, totaling 88,192 CAD cases and 162,544 controls. We identified 25 new SNP-CAD associations (P < 5 × 10-8, in fixed-effects meta-analysis) from 15 genomic regions, including SNPs in or near genes involved in cellular adhesion, leukocyte migration and atherosclerosis (PECAM1, rs1867624), coagulation and inflammation (PROCR, rs867186 (p.Ser219Gly)) and vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation (LMOD1, rs2820315). Correlation of these regions with cell-type-specific gene expression and plasma protein levels sheds light on potential disease mechanisms.

Structure activity study of carbonic anhydrase IX: Selective inhibition with ureido-substituted benzenesulfonamides.

Author information: Mboge MY¹, Mahon BP¹, Lamas N¹, Socorro L¹, Carta F², Supuran CT², Frost SC¹, McKenna R³.

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

²University of Florence, NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.

³Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. Electronic address: rmckenna@ufl.edu.

Journal: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

Date of e-pub: May 2017

Abstract: Ureido-substituted benzenesulfonamides (USBs) show great promise as selective and potent inhibitors for human carbonic anhydrase hCA IX and XII, with one such compound (SLC-0111/U-F) currently in clinical trials (clinical trials.gov, NCT02215850). In this study, the crystal structures of both hCA II (off-target) and an hCA IX-mimic (target) in complex with selected USBs (U-CH3, U-F, and U-NO2), at resolutions of 1.9 Å or better, are presented, and demonstrate differences in the binding modes within the two isoforms. The presence of residue Phe 131 in hCA II causes steric hindrance (U-CH3, 1765 nM; U-F, 960 nM; U-NO2, 15 nM) whereas in hCA IX (U-CH3, 7 nM; U-F, 45 nM; U-NO2, 1 nM) and hCA XII (U-CH3, 6 nM; U-F, 4 nM; U-NO2, 6 nM), 131 is a Val and Ala, respectively, allows for more favorable binding. Our results provide insight into the mechanism of USB selective inhibition and useful information for structural design and drug development, including synthesis of hybrid USB compounds with improved physiochemical properties.

Lung Tissue Concentrations of Pyrazinamide among Patients with Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Author information: Kempker RR¹, Heinrichs MT², Nikolaishvili K³, Sabulua I³, Bablishvili N³, Gogishvili S³, Avaliani Z³, Tukvadze N³, Little B⁴, Bernheim A⁴, Read TD⁵, Guarner J⁶, Derendorf H², Peloquin CA², Blumberg HM^5,⁷, Vashakidze S³.

¹Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA rkempke@emory.edu.

²University of Florida, College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

³National Center for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Tbilisi, Georgia.

⁴Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

⁵Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

⁶Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

⁷ Departments of Epidemiology and Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Date of e-pub: May 2017

Abstract: Improved knowledge regarding the tissue penetration of antituberculosis drugs may help optimize drug management. Patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing adjunctive surgery were enrolled. Serial serum samples were collected, and microdialysis was performed using ex vivo lung tissue to measure pyrazinamide concentrations. Among 10 patients, the median pyrazinamide dose was 24.7 mg/kg of body weight. Imaging revealed predominant lung lesions as cavitary (n = 6 patients), mass-like (n = 3 patients), or consolidative (n = 1 patient). On histopathology examination, all tissue samples had necrosis; eight had a pH of ≤5.5. Tissue samples from two patients were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by culture (pH 5.5 and 7.2). All 10 patients had maximal serum pyrazinamide concentrations within the recommended range of 20 to 60 μg/ml. The median lung tissue free pyrazinamide concentration was 20.96 μg/ml. The median tissue-to-serum pyrazinamide concentration ratio was 0.77 (range, 0.54 to 0.93). There was a significant inverse correlation between tissue pyrazinamide concentrations and the amounts of necrosis (R = -0.66, P = 0.04) and acid-fast bacilli (R = -0.75, P = 0.01) identified by histopathology. We found good penetration of pyrazinamide into lung tissue among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with a variety of radiological lesion types. Our tissue pH results revealed that most lesions had a pH conducive to pyrazinamide activity. The tissue penetration of pyrazinamide highlights its importance in both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant antituberculosis treatment regimens.

NOTE: These abstracts were retrieved from the U.S. National Library of Medicine website managed in collaboration with the U.S. National Library of Medicine

CAD, DM1, IGNITE, manganese, microRNAs, nucleus, tuberculosis, USBs